Must-Read: Peter Thiel: The Optimistic Thought Experiment

Must-Read: The very sharp Dan Wang sends me to the several-screws-loose Peter Thiel. He has, apparently, not marked his beliefs to market over the past eight years. He has not drawn the lesson that Ben Bernanke and company might know more than he does about some things:

Peter Thiel (2008): The Optimistic Thought Experiment: “In every possible future, all of today ’s bubbles will burst…

…their ideological scaffolding will prove to be but lint in the winds of history…. Bubbles have begun to implode across the globe, laying bare the fraudulence of ‘China,’ ‘technology,’ ‘hedge funds,’ and their like. As the world’s economy weakens, so will support for the globalist orthodoxy, the political tenability of which rests heavily on the ability of the doctrine to literally deliver the goods. Some policymakers seem to sense this already, with the most immediately obvious of these being the Fed…. [But] the Fed’s morally hazardous accommodations are best understood not as a perplexing and facile sop to bankrupt homeowners but as a desperate effort to stave off a recession that will end the debate on globalization for years to come…. The Fed’s gambit entails several potentially catastrophic trade-offs, chief among them the revival of inflation. Whatever may be said of the soundness of the Fed’s policy in the faltering United States, loose monetary conditions are not appropriate for the near-runaway economies of other nations with dollar-linked economies, notably China and much of the Middle East. The Fed’s iatrogenic policies have already caused considerable inflation in these economies and, especially disturbing for students of history, a massive spike in the price of oil. At some point, the tensions caused by wild inflation, collapsing currency accords, and expensive oil will resolve…

Must-Read: Charles Feinstein (1998): Pessimism Perpetuated: Real Wages and the Standard of Living in Britain during and after the Industrial Revolution

Must-Read: Charles Feinstein (1998): Pessimism Perpetuated: Real Wages and the Standard of Living in Britain during and after the Industrial Revolution: “New estimates of nominal earnings and the cost of living…

…make a fresh assessment of changes in the real earnings of male and female manualworkers in Britain from 1770 to 1870. Workers’ average real earnings are then adjusted for factors such as unemployment, the number of their dependents, and the costs of urbanization. The main finding is that the standard of living of the average working-class family improved by less than 15 percent between the 1780s and 1850s. This long plateau is shown to be consistent with other economic, political, and demographic indicators.

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Must-Read: Susan Athey and Guido W. Imbens: The State of Applied Econometrics–Causality and Policy Evaluation

Must-Read: Susan Athey and Guido W. Imbens: The State of Applied Econometrics–Causality and Policy Evaluation: “Important for empirical researchers working on policy evaluation questions…

…[are, first,] new research on identification strategies in program evaluation… synthetic control methods, regression discontinuity, external validity, and the causal interpretation of regression methods. Second… supplementary analyses to make the identification strategies more credible… placebo analyses as well as sensitivity and robustness analyses. Third… recent advances in machine learning methods… to adjust for differences between treated and control units in high-dimensional settings, and… for identifying and estimating heterogenous treatment effects…

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Must-Read: Kevin Hjortshøj O’Rourke: Deserting the Battle for Britain

Must-Read: Kevin Hjortshøj O’Rourke: Deserting the Battle for Britain: “Former ‘Remainers’–those who wished to stay in the EU–seem to have given up…

…As we saw in 2008, when Irish referendum voters refused to ratify the Treaty of Lisbon, there is a potential anti-immigrant voting bloc in the poorer parts of Dublin… the same kind of voters who turned out for the UK’s Brexit referendum…. The question, then, is why the Irish haven’t developed UK levels of animosity toward EU immigrants… Much of the blame… lies with British political leaders… those who have made careers out of attacking the EU, often on entirely specious grounds… [and] lukewarm Remainers, such as former Prime Minister David Cameron, who never made a strong case…. Now, even committed Remainers are failing to make the case for continued two-way labor mobility between the UK and the EU, and for membership in the European Economic Area (EEA). Ireland hasn’t had this problem. Notably, Sinn Féin, Ireland’s nationalist party and the former political arm of the Irish Republican Army, has not indulged in the kind of xenophobic rhetoric used by the UK Independence Party….

Put plainly, English animosity toward the presence of fellow Europeans has a lot to do with some of the worst aspects of English society…. Remainers must continue to explain to the English why the free exchange of goods, services, and people with Europe is good for Britain…. Brexit comes in two flavors: membership in the EEA, with access to Europe’s single market and free movement of people, or an exit from the single market, followed by unpredictable trade negotiations. There is still a huge amount to play for: we don’t know which of these two outcomes English voters would choose…. For Remainers not to make the case for EEA membership, when they had previously been in favor of remaining in the EU, is an astonishing abdication of responsibility.

Must-Read: Nick Bunker: Technological change and Future Labor Demand

Must-Read: As I say: labor is actually six dimensions: (1) backs, (2) fingers, (3) brains as routine cybernetic controls for mechanisms, (4) brains as routine cybernetic mechanisms for accounting operations, (5) smiles, and (6) creative ideas. (1) has been–slowly–becoming less valuable since the domestication of the horse. (2) has been–more rapidly–becoming less valuable since the start of the British Industrial Revolution. But diminished value in (1) and (2) has, so far, always, within a generation, been offset by greatly increased value in (3), (4), (5), and (6) as capital complements those other dimensions of labor. Now (3) is falling to the robots and (4) is falling to the ‘bots–leaving us with only (5) and (6). This is qualitatively different from previous episodes of technological change. Will it have different consequences for overall capital-labor complementarity? How can anyone know yet?

Nick Bunker: Technological change and Future Labor Demand: “How concerned should we humans be about the impact of future technological change on our economy and society?…

…A few more robots might be a good thing for the economy… insofar as more artificial intelligence would boost productivity…. Yet most of the concerns about the rise of the robots are… distributional…. Will they displace large swaths of workers? Maybe permanently?… Imagine an economy-wide version of robots on factory floors. Past experience with technological change, Furman argues, shows that new technologies don’t reduce demand for all labor, but rather shift the composition…. David Autor agrees… that commentators overstate the ability of robots to substitute for labor and forget how capital acts as a complement to labor…. Yet advances in artificial intelligence definitely change the kind of  skills that labor needs…. Deep technological change could reduce demand for, say, middle-skilled workers while boosting demand for less-skilled workers and more highly-skilled workers…

Must-Reads: July 21, 2016


Should Reads:

Must-Read: Maury Obstfeld: A Spanner in the Works

Maury Obstfeld: A Spanner in the Works: An Update to the World Economic Outlook: “Because the future effects of Brexit are exceptionally uncertain…

…the World Economic Outlook Update presents two model-based illustrations of alternative scenarios to the baseline–one that is moderately worse, and another that is much worse. These scenarios are driven by the uncertainty Brexit introduces about the U.K.’s ultimate trade relationship with the remainder of the European Union and the wider world; the length and contentiousness of the negotiations; markets’ difficulty in gauging the resulting depressing effects on demand; and resulting financial tightening leading to widespread banking-sector stress in the euro area…. A main reason we place less weight on these alternative scenarios, especially the more severe one, is that financial markets have proven resilient in the weeks after the referendum, repricing in an orderly fashion to absorb the news. This benign result owes importantly to the market perception–and the reality–of major central banks’ readiness to provide liquidity to markets. But vulnerabilities persist, not least in some of Europe’s banks…

Must-Read: Topher Spiro, Maura Calsyn, and Meghan O’Toole: Bigger Is Not Better: Proposed Insurer Mergers Are Likely to Harm Consumers and Taxpayers

Must-Read: Topher Spiro, Maura Calsyn, and Meghan O’Toole: Bigger Is Not Better: Proposed Insurer Mergers Are Likely to Harm Consumers and Taxpayers: “The primary example of research…

…a 1999 merger between Aetna and Prudential… statistically signifcant effects in raising premium prices… premiums that were 7 percent higher by 2007 than they would have been if local market concentration had remained the same as prior to the merger….2008… Sierra Health Services and UnitedHealth Group… the small-group insurance market… small-group premiums in the Nevada markets increased by 13.7 percent in the year a er the merger…

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Must-Reads: July 20, 2016


Should Reads: