Carl Shapiro is a professor of the graduate school at the Haas School of Business and the Department of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley. He also is the Transamerica professor of business strategy emeritus at the Haas School of Business. He previously was a U.S. Senate-confirmed member of the White House Council of Economic Advisers and immediately prior to that served as the deputy assistant attorney general for economics at the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice.