Sandra E. Black is a professor of economics and international and public affairs at Columbia University. She also is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and the director of the NBER Study Group on Economic Mobility. Her research focuses on the role of early life experiences on the long-run outcomes of children, as well as issues of gender and discrimination. Black served as a member of President Barack Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers from August 2015 to January 2017. She received her B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley and her Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University.