Must-read: Bernard Weisberger and Marshall Steinbaum: “Economists of the World, Unite!”

Must-Read: Bernard Weisberger and Marshall Steinbaum: Economists of the World, Unite!: “The original draft of that [American Economic Association] founding document…

…stated the group’s objectives as the encouragement of economic research and of ‘perfect freedom in all economic discussion.’ Then it went on:

We regard the state as an educational and ethical agency whose positive aid is an indispensable condition of human progress. While we recognize the necessity of individual initiative in industrial life, we hold that the doctrine of laissez-faire is unsafe in politics and unsound in morals; and that it suggests an inadequate explanation of the relations between the state and the citizens. We do not accept the final statements which characterized the political economy of a past generation…. We hold that the conflict of labor and capital has brought to the front a vast number of social problems whose solution is impossible without the united efforts of Church, state, and science.

This undisguised manifesto of rebellion against the economic orthodoxy of the Gilded Age raised eyebrows among the established preachers of ‘political economy.’ The state as an ‘ethical agency’ whose aid was ‘indispensable’? The ‘conflict of labor and capital’? Even after the denunciation of laissez-faire as ‘unsafe in politics and unsound in morals’ was removed from the final document, lest it appear that the new association had any motives beyond scientific advancement, the AEA was still understood as a challenge to the status quo. Indeed, the AEA was founded both to conduct scientific research and to agitate for reform, both inside academia and in the public sphere. At its start, the two missions were inextricably linked…